Is there a way to rank for an English keyword for a specific country?

For example suppose we take the following keywords:

• "pythagoras theorem"
• "maths exam paper"

Is there any difference in the SERP for someone googling these keywords from Singapore, UK, USA, Australia, India, etc.?

In the case of "maths exam paper" the search intent would most likely be for exam papers of some national board in their country. Does Google account for this?

Suppose there is an Australian website which offers resources for the Australian examination board and an UK website which offers resources for the UK examination board.

How can these websites drive traffic specifically from their respective countries when they are competing for the same keyword?